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Loads and types of loads used in the building design? Different loads acting on residential building?
Loads are the most important factors in the building design. The reinforcement values for the structures like buildings and water tanks etc are depending upon the amount of the loads which are acts perpendicular or parallel to the structure (buildings, water tanks etc). The loads are mainly comes under two categories one is gravity loads and another one is lateral loads. In this article you will able to learn the complete concepts related to the types of loads used in the structural design.
Different loads considered in the structural design
The following are the different types of the loads considered as per the standards
- Dead load
- Imposed load or live load
- Wind loads
- Snow loads
- Earthquake loads
- Other loads
Dead load
The dead load is comes under the gravity load type category. It is the own weight of the structural components mainly comes under the self weight, wall loads, floor loads and water tank loads etc. The dead load is considered as per the IS 875 part 1 code standards. The complete dead load calculation for building structures is explained in my previous blog read with below link.
Complete dead load calculation for G+1 building as per the standards
The dead load of the structural components are calculated using the unit weight of the materials like brick masonry, stone masonry, plain cement concrete, reinforced cement concrete and timber etc.
Imposed load or live load
The live load or imposed load is also comes under the gravity loading category. The live load is considered as per the IS 875 part 2 code standards. Except the structural components other load cases related to the floor loads related to the moveable or non movable loads are considered in this type load. For the residential buildings generally we will consider 2.5 kN/m2 to 4 kN/m2.
Wind load
The wind load acts perpendicular to the gravity load and this type of load is comes under the lateral loading condition. The wind load calculations and considerations are taken with the help of the IS 875-part 3 code provisions. As per the code provision standards the wind load is considered if the building having height is greater than 10m. The intensity of wind loading will be depending upon the terrain category, topography factor, basic wind speed, etc. As per the limit state method wind load is considered with the load combination of 1.2(DL+LL+WL), where DL = Dead load, LL = Live load and WL = wind load and the combination of 1.5(DL+LL) considered if the wind load is not considered.
Seismic load
The seismic load is also called as the earth quake load it also acts perpendicular to the gravity load and it is also cones under the lateral load condition system. The seismic load or earth quake is considered as per the IS 1893 code provisions. As per IS 1893 code standards the seismic zones are classified in to four types related to the Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV and Zone V types. The seismic loading condition depends upon the seismic coefficient Z factor. For the zone II seismic coefficient is taken as 0.10, for the zone III seismic coefficient is taken as 0.16, for the zone IV seismic coefficient is taken as 0.24, and finally for the zone V seismic coefficient is taken as 0.36. Soil conditions are also plays an important role in the seismic loading considerations. The soil conditions are classified in to three types related to the loose soil, medium soil and rock soil. If the building structure is constructed in loose soil then the deflection values will be high.
Snow loads
The snow load is comes under the gravity loading condition. The snow loading is considered in some places where the snow falls. The considerations of the snow load are considered as per the IS 875 part 4 and it deals with the amount of the snow falls on the roof of the building. The minimum amount of the snow load is considered as per expression
S = µS0
Where S = minimum amount of snow load
µ = shape coefficient
S0 = ground snow load.
Other load cases
As per the IS 456 code provisions the other load cases like hydro static pressure, soil pressure, foundation moment, vibration load, erection loads, impact loads etc.
The complete concepts of types of loads and specifications are clearly explained in my YouTube channel Civil Engineering by Shravan.
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Conclusions of types of loads considered in building design as per the standards
The above explained concepts are related to the types of loads considered in structural design. As per the standards the loads are classified in to two types in that one is gravity loads and another is lateral loads. The dead load is considered as per the IS 875-part 1 code provisions, the live load or imposed load is considered as per the IS 875-part 2 code provisions, snow load is considered as per the IS 875 part 4 code standards, seismic load or earth quake load is considered as per the IS 1893 code provisions, wind loading considerations are considered as per the IS 875-part 3 code provisions and finally other load cases related to the hydro static pressure, soil pressure, foundation moment, vibration load, erection loads, impact loads etc.
For more information related to the civil engineering concepts follow my YouTube channel Civil engineering by shravan.
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